Definition and Examples of Semantic Narrowing

Definition and Examples of Semantic Narrowing Semantic narrowing is a kind of semantic changeâ by which the meaningâ of a word turns out to be less broad or comprehensive than its prior significance. Otherwise called specializationâ or limitation. The contrary procedure is called widening or semantic speculation. Such specialization is moderate and need not be finished, notes etymologist Tom McArthur. For instance, the word fowl is presently generally confined to the yard hen, yet it holds its old significance of winged animal in articulations like the fowls of the air and wild fowl (Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1992). Models and Observations Narrowing of importance . . . happens when a word with a general importance is by degrees applied to something considerably more explicit. The word litter, for instance, implied initially (before 1300) a bed, at that point progressively limited to bedding, at that point to creatures on a sheet material of straw, lastly to things dispersed about, miscellaneous items. . . . Different instances of specialization are deer, which initially had the general importance creature, young lady, which implied initially a youngster, and meat, whose unique significance was food.(Sol Steinmetz, Semantic Antics: How and Why Words Change Meanings. Irregular House, 2008)Hound and IndigenousWe state that narrowing happens when a word comes to allude to just piece of the first significance. The historical backdrop of the word dog in English conveniently shows this procedure. The word was initially articulated hund in English, and it was the nonexclusive word for any sort of pooch whatsoever. This unique significance is held, for instance, in German, where the word Hund just methods hound. Throughout the hundreds of years, in any case, the significance of hund in English has gotten limited to simply those mutts used to pursue game in the chase, for example, beagles. . . .Words may come to be related with specific settings, which is another kind of narrowing. One case of this is the word indigenous, which when applied to individuals implies particularly the occupants of a nation which has been colonized, not unique occupants more generally.(Terry Crowley and Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics, fourth ed. Oxford University Press, 2010) Meat and ArtIn Old English, dispense alluded to food when all is said in done (a sense which is held in sweetmeat); today, it alludes to just a single sort of food (meat). Craftsmanship initially had some broad implications, generally associated with expertise; today, it alludes just to specific sorts of aptitude, mostly comparable to tasteful ability - the arts.(David Crystal, How Language Works. Disregard, 2006)StarveModern English keep intends to bite the dust from yearning (or frequently to be amazingly eager; and regionally, to be freezing), while its Old English predecessor steorfan implied all the more by and large to die.​(April M. S. McMahon, Understanding Language Change. Cambridge University Press, 1994)Sand[M]any Old English words obtained smaller, increasingly explicit implications in ME as an immediate aftereffect of advances from different dialects. . . . OE sand had implied either sand or shore. At the point when Low German shore was obtained to allude to the l and itself along a waterway, sand limited to mean just the granular particles of broke down stone that secured this land.(C.M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, third ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Spouse, Vulgar, and NaughtyThe Old English variant of the word wifeâ could be utilized to allude to any lady however has limited in its application these days to just wedded ladies. An alternate sort of narrowingâ can lead to a negative meaningâ [pejoration] for certain words, for example, revolting (which used to mean basically normal) and shrewd (which used to mean having nothing).None of these progressions occurred without any forethought. They were continuous and most likely hard to recognize while they were in progress.(George Yule, The Study of Language, fourth ed. Cambridge University Press, 2010)Accident and FowlAccident implies a unintended harmful or grievous occasion. Its unique significance was only any occasion, particularly one that was unanticipated. . . . Fowl in Old English alluded to any winged animal. In this way, the importance of this word was limited to a feathered creature raised for food, or a wild flying creature chased for sport.​(Francis Katamba, English Words: Structure, History, Usage. Routledge, 2004)

Obesity speech Free Essays

Overweight and corpulence cause the improvement of diabetes, and add to hypertension, Infertility, birth intricacies and intensify asthma and an unexpected weakness status. This Is intense and It must be taken much increasingly genuine by the individuals living here. Corpulence Is to a great extent preventable through changes In way of life, particularly diet or day by day work out. We will compose a custom article test on Heftiness discourse or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now There are numerous maladies that are so difficult to fix, so why is it that, when we really have an illness that you can fix yourself, we don’t take care of business? By certain adjustments in your ways of life, you could really get much more advantageous than you were previously. I am not saying that it is simple. I realize that it very well may be difficult to make something happen particularly if it’s become a propensity to eat undesirable and by eating unfortunate you don’t get vitality, and that is additionally a motivation behind why numerous don’t practice as much as they ought to do. More youthful individuals have generally experienced childhood in a world, where a more noteworthy assortment of food than any time in recent memory has opened up and at a moderately minimal effort, as are increasingly inclined to create heftiness at a more youthful age. Stoutness is a significant reason for death and 1 out of 3 grown-ups and 1 out of 6 kids is fat. Heftiness costs the US, very nearly 150 million dollars every year, where right around 10 % of he national clinical spending plans. The manner in which you eat has changed throughout the most recent 50 years. Significantly more food is accessible than previously and open doors for physical exercises are inadequate. Physical action improves by and large wellbeing. In addition to the fact that it improves dissemination, increment blood stream to the mind, and raise endorphin levels, which all assists with diminishing pressure, improve state of mind and disposition, and quiet kids. Genuinely dynamic understudies likewise accomplish more in school, they are less inclined to miss school and take an interest more in class. Michelle Obama talks about stoutness In her beech and tells that in light of the help of colossal American organizations, Like Disney and Walter and so forth. Presently the greater part a million In undeserved networks currently have the entrance to new, solid food. Military pioneers are serving more beneficial menus and items. Almost more than two million children have taken a crack at recreational game classes. Furthermore, they propelled Let’s Move Active schools, a phenomenal exertion to Invest more than $70 million to advance effectively and take physical instruction back to your schools. So something Is done, yes. Be that as it may, should more be possible? Walt for crowd reaction I think †yes! Folks! I realize that I may not Influence you to take care of business, yet I should attempt, since this is not kidding. After I revealed to all of you these results, it must do outside the café is looking so scrumptious and the candy in the sweets stores can be so enticing, and its alright to eat it sometimes, yet it can’t be a regular food or an ordinary propensity. That’s Just unreasonably unfortunate for your body and wellbeing. I realize that it tastes so great when you’re eating it, however what is your opinion about yourself when you completed the feast? Do you feel better or do you feel uncertain about your body? Sit tight for crowd reaction I can let you know, that I sure don’t feel particularly great after an unfortunate supper like that. So you got the opportunity to ask yourself †Is this justified, despite all the trouble? Would I like to be solid? Would I like to be fit? Would I like to look great? I’m not saying that it’s wrong to have bends, it isn’t by any means. In any case, it’s wrong, when it’s hazardous for your own life. You are the youthful age. You can even now take care of this and with slowly and carefully it will help. Regardless of whether it’s gradual steps, you despite everything got the chance to attempt. I realize that following a debilitating day at school it is extremely enticing to rests in the bed and sit in front of the TV, go on your ‘phone and cap with your companions on spine, go on Mainstream and post an image, whatever you like to do. Step by step instructions to refer to Obesity discourse, Papers

Make Your Staycation Truly Relaxing

Make Your Staycation Truly Relaxing Stress Management Situational Stress Print How to Make Sure You Have a Relaxing Staycation By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on January 23, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress A staycation, a vacation you take at home, can be a wonderful alternative to a long, expensive, painstakingly-planned tripâ€"the time and money you can save are significant. However, if you don’t take certain precautions, your staycation can be little more than a stressful extension of everything you need a break from. Tips for Having a Super Staycation These staycation strategies can assure that your staycation is truly a relaxing romp rather than a wasted week. Turn off the Phone This sounds obvious, but the point of a staycation is to have a vacation, and the point of a vacation is to get away from the demands of your regular life. To truly do so, you need to stop being on call and set your phone to go straight to voicemail. You can check your messages each night if you want to and decide who you want to call back, but it may be a good idea to tell everyone you won’t be around for a week and just take a break. While you’re at it, why not put your mail on hold and any other similar steps you’d take when you go on a traditional vacation? Turn off the Computer While many, many people make the mistake of taking work with them when they go on vacation, a strategy that tends to sabotage the relaxing element of a trip, it’s even more important to avoid being available for work when you’re on a staycation. It may be more tempting to check in at work if youre at home, and they may feel more entitled to request it of you, which is all the more reason for the computer to stay off. Even if you’re not planning to work on your computer, do you really think a week of playing World of Warcraft or Weboggle would be as relaxing and memorable as other options you have? Try Something New Staycations mean you can play hometown tourists and enjoy the fun things that your city or surrounding areas have to offer, which you normally might not go out of your way to experience. An added benefit of going to the touristy places in your area is that when you pass by these places after your staycation is over, your fond memories will be triggered and you can relive the fun. You may also be more inclined to do such fun things during the rest of the year when you’re not vacationing, which might provide a nice little escape that can help stave off burnout. But Don’t Overbook Yourself As you indulge in the fun that your town has to offer, remember to schedule in some downtime to read, relax, sleep in, lollygag, and do all the things people really like to do on traditional vacations. Fun and Relaxation The idea of a staycation is to feel like you’ve had a break, so be sure you get one by adding in time for rest. Just balance it out with fun activities, too. Don’t Be Afraid to Splurge Because you’re saving money by staying close to home, you can (and should) eat meals out and splurge in other areas, just like you would on a traditional vacation. If you want to go to brunch, get a massage, go shopping, or even hire a cleaning service to come if you don’t already have one (you’d get maid service in a hotel, right?), you should do so guiltlessly if you can afford to. It contributes to the carefree mindset you’re trying to capture with your staycation. Splurging makes all the difference between a staycation and just a week hanging around the house.

The Bible And The Word Of God - 993 Words

First and foremost, it is imperative to understand the Bible and the history of it in order to fully relate the message of the Word of God, clearly to other people. Theology is the study of God and who he is throughout history, where evangelism ties into teaching that truth. In order to identify with the character of God, one must understand him. You need to understand the attributes of God, his unchangeableness, his independence, that he is omnipresent, and eternal. Also it needs to be understood that we will not fully understand who God is either. That in order to share who God is you must study your bible, and at times the history of the times, the context of the stories, and where they were written in order to teach accurately. Secondly, evangelism without theology is just teaching without researching what you’re talking about. You can have knowledge with little, to zero wisdom. It is not saying that you cannot win the lost, I am just saying that in order to grow, you nee d to study the word and the time events, times, cultures and who things were being taught to. You cannot just throw out verses to teach the Word of God, but the history of the bible and how to understand Gods Word is important. It is nothing if I do not also study and be open to the idea that I might have some wrong ideas. It is nothing if not lead by the Holy Spirit. Things that I have been taught, could be wrong, or it could also be based off of man’s theology rather than biblical theology. TheShow MoreRelatedIs The Bible The Word Of God?904 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Bible the Word of God? Every year, millions of people ask themselves whether or not the bible is the true word of God. The Christian faith has so many variants that it sometimes becomes very difficult to make something so simple easy to select. My challenge is to defend what evidence I have as a Christian that the bible is truly the word of God. One of the most important ways to prove inerrancy is the bible scriptures. An example is found in Genesis 1:3-5 which states, And God said, â€Å"LetRead MoreThe Bible Is The Word Of God Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesI believe that the bible is the word of God, that it is inspired, inerrant and infallible. I do believe that we should apply the Bible to our lives today but in order to do that properly we must understand its context and culture. There are things in the scripture that do not apply to us directly such as building an ark and gathering animals into it. But even when passages are not specifically applicable to us today they do teach us truth. We learn about God and about how he interacts with peopleRead MoreThe Bible: The Word of God2055 Words   |  9 PagesThe Bible, sacred book of Christianity, it includes collections of ancient writings, which are split into two sections referred to as the old (Hebrew Bible ) and the new testament. It is said to be the most influenti al book in western history, as we owe our culture and moral compass to it. Historically the Bible has been seen as authoritative, as it is believed to be the infallible ‘word of God’, as writers were divinely inspired. However divisions about interpretations can be seen historicallyRead MoreThe Bible And The Word Of God1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe first way to living a happy and meaningful life is to follow the bible and the word of God. God is the ultimate creator and he is the number one thing that should be in our life. Jesus said, â€Å"Again Jesus spoke to them, saying, â€Å"I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(English Standard Version, John 8:12). what he means by this is that if we follow him we will never get lost and he will be our provider and leader while if we doRead MoreThe Bible, The Inspired Word Of God Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Bible, the inspired Word of God was written by His ordained writers. One of these was Paul, a great believer and follower of Christ, who was committed and dedicated to the spread of the gospel. He faced many afflictions and challenges on the course of his journeys that took him to different regions of the world, in the hope of spreading the Word of God to the many regions that had not received the Good News. On the course of his travels, he met different people along the way butRead MoreThe Bible Is God s Word1788 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bible is God’s Word. It contains absolute truths believed by Christians everywhere. It teaches humans how to live their lives, and guides them to do what is right. It tells people how the world was created, and how mankind came to be. Put simply, a Biblical Worldview is accepting all of this end everything else the Bible says, and applying it to one’s life, and for a teacher, one’s classroom. A Biblical Worldview effects everything regarding education, from the way one sees his or her studentsRead MoreThe Bible is the Authoratative Word of God Essay686 Words   |  3 Pageswhy you believe in the Bible, and asks Isnt it a book just like any other piece of literature? would be a difficult question, but let alone a very plausible question to be asked to a Christian in a ones lifetime. I have personally been asked this question before on multiple occasions, and there are many responses I have given as according to being sensitive to the circumstances upon which the question was asked. I believe in the Bible as being the authoritative word of God, and the divinely inspiredRead MoreThe Bible : The Holy Spirit, And The Word Of God1703 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God† John 1:1 (NASB). Scripture comes directly from God unlike any other book. God has spoken His work and used humans, such as prophets to speak His word to us. The concept of authority is woven into the fabric of Scrip ture. This idea of â€Å"ultimate right† is inevitably linked with God’s sovereignty throughout the Scriptures. How we choose to view the authority of Scripture is up to our own discretion. We accept the Bible as the inspiredRead MoreBible as the Inspired Word of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesBible as the Inspired Word of God The Bible is the work of various authors, who lived in different continents and wrote in different eras. Furthermore, much of the text does not claim to have been dictated by God and is not always God speaking to people. In parts it consists of people speaking to God, as in the Psalms, and people speaking to people, as in the New Testament letters written by Paul. In light of this, some maintain that it is not possible to treat theRead MoreThe Bible Is An Important Aspect Of Our Christian Lives844 Words   |  4 PagesStudying the Bible is an important aspect of our Christian lives. The Bible is the flawless and inerrant word of God. He spoke through the chosen authors the words of the Bible. Through the Scriptures, God reveals his character and revelation. The Bible has authority since it is ultimately from God. The Bible is the inerrant and inspired word of God that holds authority. The Bible has the power to give commands and demand obedience. This authority is both inherent and given by God. God is the highest

The Classroom Environment Should Look And Feel Welcoming...

Diversity is what makes each person in a classroom different from each other, even though you could be the same color of the person sitting next you, does not mean you are the same. The classroom environment should look and feel welcoming for all children. So it can show the diversity of the world in which we live in. Children should be provided with essential information about who they are and what is important, making an effort for this to happen creates a setting that is rich in possibilities for exploring the diversity of each student in a classroom across the world. A few of the educational practices today is geared towards supporting and eliminating ethnic differences between students in classrooms today. The National Education Association stated â€Å"The dimensions of diversity include race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, language, culture, religion, mental and physical ability, class, and immigration status.† (Association) The education community is facing a lot of challenges related to diversity in the classroom. National Education Association stated â€Å"The academic achievement gaps between students of diverse backgrounds; racial segregation and resegregation in our schools; gender inequalities and sex discrimination are related to diversity.† (Association) Some schools lack the resources which are essential in addressing the issues of diversity in the classroom today, when schools lack the necessary resources to address the problem the problem is left with noShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Theory Of Child Development Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesFocusing on children’s development and developing a proper classroom and lesson plan well help you to proper ly prepare and help each student in your center. Throughout this paper we will summarize Piaget’s Stage Theory, identify and describe the developmental characteristics of the age group of 2-4 years old, design and describe the physical layout of facility or classroom that aligns with Piaget’s Stage Theory, and create an activity for each developmental domain. Jean Piaget is one of the pioneersRead MoreAn Early Childhood Educator : Understanding The Physical, Social, Emotional, And Cognitive Development Of Each Child1024 Words   |  5 PagesEvery child is unique in there own way and grow at their own developmental level. All children also come from diverse back rounds with different beliefs and values. As an early childhood educator, I believe it is our responsibility to understand children as a whole and base our curriculum according to their needs. As educators we should set up a high quality classroom environment where the child can grow, learn and explore at his or her own developmental level. I believe that as an early childhoodRead MoreDifferentiated Instruction And Its Impact On Students Learning Experience816 Words   |  4 Pagesthe classroom in a richer way; therefore, I believe all teachers should reach every student through differentiation. I strongly believe differentiated instruction will raise the bar for all learners an d benefit both learners and teachers. I believe all teachers should always model and promote positive uses and learning in the classroom. I believe that educators have the power to make a great impact on a child; therefore, all teachers must model and be great examples. Teachers should, at all timesRead MoreAn Article On Prosocial Behavior955 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined prosocial behavior as â€Å"voluntary behavior intended to benefit another† (Hyson Taylor, 2011, p. 106). This type of behavior is commonly displayed in young children sharing their toys with another child because they want too, not because they were told they have too. Prosocial behavior is something most parents want their children to have, so many people have studied where it comes from and how to bring it out in your child. Hyson and Taylor (2011) focused on how early childhood educatorsRead MoreCyp Core 3.2 4.1812 Words   |  4 Pagescan affect children and young people’s development. [pic] Parent Involvement The parents/carers know the children best it may be there is a problem or it may be that a child learns something at home that is relevant to their development for example tying their shoes, riding their bike or writing their name. In the environment where I work the parents are welcomed into the classroom for the first 15 minutes of the day to complete activities set out at their child’s table. I feel this givesRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesestimated 702,000 victims of child maltreatment in 2014. Child abuse can affect children of all ages. Newborn children all the way to children age 18 are affected by child abuse. Teachers work with and see these students who are affected by this. Child abuse is considered a traumatic event. These experiences children face may cause concerns for their own safety and the safety of others. After the event of abuse children often will experience guilt or shame over what they did or did not do at the timeRead More Being a Teacher Essay765 Words   |  4 Pages or home taught is mandatory in America at a certain age. Therefore, all the basics of life are experienced at school. That is a big responsibility for a teacher. So, would we have physicians, law enforcement officials, businesses, and all the other daily occupations without teachers? No, teachers educate all members of society. Teachers are to some children, a source of security or rescue. When they feel no one else listens or cares, or when another child insults or laughs atRead MoreAccording To The American ChildrenS Author, Dr. Seuss,1722 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American children s author, Dr. Seuss, describes, â€Å"You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You’re on your own. And you know what you know. And you are the who’ll decide where to go.† (Dr. Seuss, Oh, The Place You’ll Go!) As a leader, I have realized that I’ve had the choice of creating my own path to experience while spending my past four years here at Cabrini. I’ve learned about the many ups and downs in life,Read MoreEducation Is A Never-Ending Experience That Allows A Person’S1302 Words   |  6 Pagesperson’s mind to continually grow. Students should be able to explore all aspects of sub jects and want to learn. As a teacher, you should be able to provide the students with a comfortable environment for the students to learn. I feel that the environment has a lot to do with how a student behaves in class. The role of a teacher is also important; a teacher should never stop learning and provide the students with a positive moral and social behavior. Teachers should also be able to make sure that the studentsRead MoreThe Economics And Social Hierarchy Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagessocial studies in which control of economic factors is shifted from the public to the private sector. Neoliberalism are giving more attention towards schools that do not necessarily need this as much as the other schools, in order to make the government look better and are more in support of neoliberalism. Schools that are not getting as much funding and support from the government may start to wonder why that is the case. This issue may cause competitions between the schools in New Zealand . Capitalism

A reaction paper on the statement Free Essays

Thomas Edison failed many times before successfully inventing the modern electric light bulb. He said, â€Å"If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward. We will write a custom essay sample on A reaction paper on the statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Reflect on an accomplishment you achieved in an unlikely way. People are known for their ability of becoming the best individuals that they could be even in the middle of disadvantageous situations. It is undeniable that because of the many challenges that people have to live with, they are now able to understand the major issues that are involved within the system of real human living. Aside from gaining the knowledge of the realities about challenges, humans are now able to make the best out of the hardships that come along the way as they intend to be the best that they could be in facing their own lives. Thomas Edison has been among the major personalities in the human history that has been able to make certain changes in the society through applying the said idealism of NEVER GIVING UP in the middle of major issues of survival in life. Consistently considering this particular fact of life has already made great changes and institutional breakthroughs in the society today. This is certainly the same with the situation that is dealt with by each individual that is considerably facing difficult problems and challenges as persons making up the society today. As for the case of the author of this paper, it could be observed that she has been able to wake up from a dark situation that challenged her ability to withstand the dangers and the hardships of being ill. Although she had been facing such problems with her health, she has been noted to actually understand that she should and must be able to continue her personal development even with so much challenges that she has to face because of her case. Because of this, it is undeniable that she was able to stand up again and become the kind of person she wants herself to be, a fighter. She chose to continue her studies amidst all the odds that faced her along the way to at least develop her own skills and make definite changes as to the way that she lives her life beyond all the challenges that she is supposed to deal with. Through this account of actual life experience, it could be noted that challenges are supposed to be faced as major probabilities of changes among human individuals. IT is through these challenges and difficulties that the human society tries to make a difference upon their lives. It is through this particular factor of life that each individual is able to become a stronger person who is able to face the different challenges in his own journey. People who are able to stand up again after a failure that may or may not be inflicted by their ownselves, are those whoa re able to make huge changes in the lives of many people, through inspiring them to fight for their right to a fine way of living and through becoming the pillars of truth that attests to the fact that standing up and not giving up is a major part of living a successful way of life. One’s real purpose in living could be identified to the ways by which he is particularly able to face the different challenges that he is naturally faced with in his own journey towards personal development and social connection as well. How to cite A reaction paper on the statement, Papers

Consumer Fraud free essay sample

Consumer fraud not only affects consumers and businesses but also the economy. According to the National Retail Security Survey, nearly 41% of the retail chain revenue loss was due to employees ( insert bibliography 2 ). The Federal Trade Commission was created in 1914; it has helped create many different policies for consumer protection rights. Some companies have a 100% satisfaction guarantee where customers can return items if they are unhappy, Bass Pro Shop would be an example. Consumer fraud is when a consumer is trying to achieve a gain from a company. Not all times the company can prove this type of fraud. Some acts of consumer fraud can be legally prosecuted such as shoplifting. A consumer that is tricking a company into an economic advantage and understands what they are doing is engaging in a guile activity, which is a type of consumer fraud ( insert bibliography 3 ). An example of a guile activity would be returning an already worn piece of clothing and getting the purchase amount back. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Fraud or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Consumer fraud can be clear to determine, but it can also be very difficult to see if there is not enough evidence to support the accusation. Consumers have become creative over the years to better manipulate companies to achieve the consumer’s gain. In 2005, the Federal Trade Commission reported, more than 25 million consumers annually engage in consumer fraud (insert bibliography 4). Because of the current economy consumer fraud reports have increased tremendously. Credit repair consumer fraud refers to paying someone to remove personal negative credit history, which is illegal in the United States. In 2004, the Federal Trade Commission surveyed random adults that claimed to have nearly 2. million incident reports of credit repair fraud ( insert bibliography 4). According to the Federal Trade Commission Survey of 2006, it was recorded that 30% of consumers did not complain to anyone about their report consumer fraud incident ( insert bibliography1). Most of the consumers who did file reports made them to the company or manufacturer when they were supposed to report them to the government for legal reasons. Governm ent and other companies, such as the Federal Trade Commission, are trying to decrease the amount of incidents regarding consumer fraud and the ability for individuals to engage in consumer fraud. Because the United States is currently in an economic depression, consumer fraud has risen to pay bills or find new ways to have an economic advantage. Consumers have also become more creative with acts of fraud, which makes it more difficult to prove whether the consumer engaged in the activity or not. There are various negative impacts from consumer fraud. Consumer fraud can negatively impact the reputation of a company by leading a customer into false acts. An example if this would be a company promising new customers a promotional gift for buying a product but then the consumer never gets the gift. But, if a consumer engages in collusion consumer fraud, an employee can be terminated for putting an item not purchase by the consumer in his or her bag or by giving the customer an unwarranted discount. Collusion consumer fraud is generally an accident on the employee’s part, but it can still result in the employee’s termination. Many companies want to create loyal customers, but if a customer sees another consumer get away with customer fraud, it might make that customer look at the company in a different, sometimes negative, manner. If a consumer creates a staged accident to gain money from a company, the consumer is engaging in duplicity consumer fraud. Duplicity consumer fraud can cause an economic turmoil for companies, but an economic advantage for that consumer. It creates a negative reputation for the company. Someone who engages in consumer fraud tends to only be focused on his or her personal outcome, such as economic gain, and not how it might affect other consumers, businesses, or the economy. Individual and organizations that engage in consumer fraud have multiple reasons, seen by them as positive reasons, for engaging in these deceitful activities. For the most part, consumers see the main positive reason for engaging in consumer fraud of achieving an economic advantage. , Some consumers lie to obtain age discounts or privileges. A consumer might lie to a company employee about his or her age to get a discounted movie ticket at the movie theater for a senior price. Consumer fraud is a highly unethical action by consumers. Consumer fraud not only steals from the companies but also other individuals. Consumer frauds entail an individual or organization to knowingly and intentionally deceive an organization for an economic advantage. Consumer fraud is unethical because some consumers know the difference between right and wrong, but they do not care because they just want their personal, economic gain. These consumers do not factor in the implications of their unethical behaviors and the impact that their behaviors have on other consumers, companies, and the economies. Because the United States economy is in a depression, many consumers see it as an opportunity to try to gain economic advantages over companies by engaging in consumer fraudulent activities. Although consumers intentionally engage in consumer fraud, they might have other motives for engaging in those consumer fraudulent activities. Federal Trade Commission. (2013, January 5). www. ftc. gov/ftc Ferrell, O. C. , amp; Fraedrich, J. (2012). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making amp; Cases. South-Western Pub. Geis, G. , amp; Edelhertz, H. (1972). Criminal Law and Consumer Fraud: A Sociolegal View. Am. Crim. L. Rev. , 11, 989. Norrgard, L. E. , amp; Norrgard, J. M. (1998). Consumer fraud: A reference handbook (pp. 31-32). ABC-CLIO.